Performance Analysis of 180° HRR Coupler Used for Direction Finding with an Antenna Array

Authors

  • Sarmad Ahmed Shaikh Institute of Networked and Embedded Systems, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Universitätsstraße 65-67, Klagenfurt 9020, Austria.
  • Andrea M. Tonello Institute of Networked and Embedded Systems, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Universitätsstraße 65-67, Klagenfurt 9020, Austria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v13i10.7410

Keywords:

Couplers, radio frequency (RF) signals, antenna array, wireless communications

Abstract


This paper presents the performance analysis of  hybrid rat race coupler, widely used in radio frequency (RF)/wireless communication systems to couple the power in the desired way. The  hybrid ring coupler consists of 4 ports, two for the input signals and two for the output signals, where sum and difference patterns of the applied two signals can be obtained at two output ports and usually called sum and difference ports. In this work, the couplers have been designed and simulated at central frequencies (fo) of 2.4 and 10 GHz using different types of substrates such as RT Duroid 5880 and FR4.  Furthermore, the coupler has been used for direction finding (angle-of-arrival estimation) application, where we combine the designed  hybrid rat race coupler with a simple two antenna elements array  (at fo=10GHz and RT Duroid =2.2) and fabricate the circuit in order to validate the performance of the coupler by measuring the direction of arrival (DoA) from  and  ports. The obtained results show that good performance can be achieved with the designs considered in this paper. 

Author Biographies

Sarmad Ahmed Shaikh, Institute of Networked and Embedded Systems, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Universitätsstraße 65-67, Klagenfurt 9020, Austria.

Sarmad Ahmed SHAIKH was born in Pakistan. He received his M.Sc. degree from Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey in 2015, and currently is working toward the PhD degree at the Institute of Networked and Embedded Systems, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria. His research interests include wireless communications, localization of source signals and antenna designing.

Andrea M. Tonello, Institute of Networked and Embedded Systems, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Universitätsstraße 65-67, Klagenfurt 9020, Austria

Andrea M. TONELLO was born in Italy. He received the laurea degree in electrical engineering (Hons.) and the Ph.D in electronics and telecommunications from the University of Padova, Padova, Italy, in 1996 and in 2003, respectively. From 1997 to 2002, he was with Bell Labs-Lucent Technologies, Whippany, NJ, USA, first as a Member of the Technical Staff. Then, he was promoted to Technical Manager and appointed to Managing Director of the Bell Labs Italy division. In 2003, he joined the University of Udine, Udine, Italy, where he became Aggregate Professor in 2005 and Associate Professor in 2014. Currently, he is the Chair of the Embedded Communication Systems Group at the University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria. Dr. Tonello received several awards, including the Distinguished Visiting Fellowship from the Royal Academy of Engineering, U.K., in 2010, the IEEE VTS Distinguished Lecturer Award in 2011-2015, and eight best paper awards. He is the Chair of the IEEE Communications Society Technical Committee on Power Line Communications and Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Communications and IEEE Access.

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Published

2017-11-07

How to Cite

Shaikh, S. A., & Tonello, A. M. (2017). Performance Analysis of 180° HRR Coupler Used for Direction Finding with an Antenna Array. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE), 13(10), pp. 86–102. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v13i10.7410

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 10 (2017)

Section

Papers