@article{Saito_Yamaura_2013, title={A New Approach to Programming Language Education for Beginners with Top-Down Learning}, volume={3}, url={https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jep/article/view/3216}, DOI={10.3991/ijep.v3iS4.3216}, abstractNote={There are two basic approaches in learning new programming language: a bottom-up approach and a top-down approach. It has been said that if a learner has already acquired one language, the top-down approach is more efficient to learn another while, for a person who has absolutely no knowledge of any programming languages; the bottom-up approach is preferable. The major problem of the bottom-up approach is that it requires longer period to acquire the language. For quicker learning, this paper applies a top-down approach for a beginners who has not yet acquired any programming languages.}, number={S4}, journal={International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP)}, author={Saito, Daisuke and Yamaura, Tsuneo}, year={2013}, month={Dec.}, pages={pp. 16–21} }