Increasing Geographic Literacy through the Development of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning

— This paper aims to develop computer supported collaborative learning to improve geographic literacy. This study used research and development with the ASSURE model. The results of this development are in the form of basic geography concept modules with 3 videos integrated into e-learning. The media and material validation show that the product developed was very good and worth testing. In addition, the results of media validation by taking into account indicators of attractiveness, efficiency and effectiveness, were declared very good and students were enthusiastic about learning to use this media. This product can be an alternative medium for the 21st century learning environment that applies e-learning in the learning process


Introduction
The integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in learning has become a new platform in the learning process for decades [1], [2]. ICT has enabled educators face to face without space and time limits [3]. The utilization of ICT in learning has also been proven to improve communication and collaboration skills between students [4], leadership skill [5] [8], and student's motivation [9]. In addition, some literature has confirmed that learning success is largely determined by individuals, instructors, institutions, courses, and the environment [10] [12]. Therefore, integrating the use of information technology in learning becomes urgent to provide a fun way of learning and also to form an effective learning environment.
Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is one of the learning approaches that is interesting and relevant to the concept of modern learning which has a paradigm that educators are not as people who transfer knowledge but as facilitators and motivators. The development of this model is based on the concept of serving individual characteristics and collaboration [13]. CSCL allows students to study independently. Xinyu [14] explains that CSCL is collaborative learning in which a group of students is in a computer network in order to maximize individual, team and learning outcomes to achieve goals through discussion and useful assistance. The http://www.i-jet.org meaning of knowledge gained in learning is not only obtained directly from educators or information in the system. However, the meaning that is built depends on the prior student's cognitive structure (prior knowledge) of each individual and it is personal.
Universitas Negeri Malang (UM) as the learning university has a meaning as a learning organization. UM's organizational systems prioritize aspirations, care development, and capability development. As a learning resource, UM plays the role of learning resource, place of learning, learning media, and learning references for all. In addition, at present, UM is designated as a center of excellence in learning innovation by the IDB (Islamic Development Bank) to strengthen the nation's competitiveness. By developing learning innovations, UM will be used as a reference for national education. As a form of actualizing the development of this learning innovation, UM is committed to developing a life-based learning curriculum.
The development of this life-based learning curriculum, of course, was initiated as a step to welcome various changes and challenges of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has tremendous potential in overhauling the industry and changing various aspects of human life. With various challenges and changes, there needs to be a real reconstruction of mindset and action in order to develop in learning.
One of the study materials in social studies learning that needs to be developed is geography. The facts show that students and educators have minimal understanding of geographical literacy. Learning geography at this time takes place only limited to factual and conceptual exposure, without being able to study how the relationships created with each other. Henry [15] Over the past decade several literatures have shown that there is a lack of geographical knowledge among students. This requires a focus for the development of strong geographical literacy. Even though if we study geography more deeply and broadly, it can be interpreted that geography literacy is important for students to have especially with mastering five fundamental concepts, namely location, human-environmental relations, movement, and region [16]. Henry [15] explained that geography literacy is very important because with the better geography literacy, it will be able to see meaning in the arrangement of things in space and the ability to apply spatial perspectives to life situations. Therefore, it requires improvisation and innovation to package social studies learning that contains geographic content interestingly and is able to equip and train students' geography literacy in order to have a correct basic understanding of space (location). One way to realize this and at the same time answer the challenges of the Indonesian Revolution 4.0 in the field of learning by utilizing the use of e-learning based (Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL).

Method
The development of this learning innovation used the method of research and development (RnD). It is a research that intentionally, systematically, aims or directed to find, formulate, improve, develop, produce, test the effectiveness of products, models, methods, strategies, ways, services, certain procedures that are superior, new, effective, efficient, productive , and meaningful [17]. Meanwhile, the model used in this development is the ASSURE model with the following steps.

Analyze learner
As a first step before the media is developed, it is necessary to analyze and identify the character of students. The purpose of this stage is to determine the urgent learning needs of students so that they are able to get the maximum level of knowledge in learning. The analysis included three factors, namely general characteristics, specific entry competencies, and learning style.

States objectives
This stage specifically formulates knowledge, skills, and attitudes as goals that must be mastered by students after participating in social studies learning activities.

Select methods, media, and material
a. Method: The choice of social studies learning strategies must be adjusted to the learning objectives. In addition, it must also pay attention to the learning modalities and motivation of students who can later support learning. b. Media: Media refers to the type of media used in learning. Social studies learning that takes place utilizes the use of e-learning based on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL). c. Material: Learning material that will be developed and provided at the time of learning contains factual problems (in the form of cases, pictures, and facts) that are around the student environment. Learning material will be packaged in a learning module and uploaded as reading material, the material is discussed independently or in groups. Then, the results of the discussion will be discussed online through elearning.

Utilize media and materials
The module produced as an achievement target contains a description of the subject matter of geography and analytical practice questions to hone the geography literacy of students in solving problems that occur around them. This module will also be equipped with innovative video packages by taking interesting topics on the field. With the combination of these two things, it is expected that students will be able to have a concrete understanding of the phenomenon of geography studies. Developed media products have several advantages including easy access to be able, user friendly, community-based.

Require learner participation
Utilization of e-learning based on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) in learning enables students to develop learning modes to construct their knowledge independently through communication results with their environment and applying the material they have learned. The creation of the independence of students to develop their personal capacity with a variety of CSCL is a basic capital in forming individuals who are able to adapt and are ready to learn to develop their skills whenever and wherever.

Evaluate and revise
After learning through e-learning media based on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) has been completed, an evaluation is needed to determine the effectiveness of its use in learning activities. To get a complete picture, it is necessary to evaluate both the process and the results.
Data were analyzed using the following formula. Meanwhile, for product eligibility was based on the

Product specification
The product developed is in the form of a Geography Basic Concept learning module and 3 video material uploaded through e-learning. The module is produced as an achievement target that contains a description of the subject matter of geography and analytical practice questions to hone students' ability to solve problems around them. This module, also equipped with innovative video packed with interesting topics sourced from field experience. This module is also expected that students can have a concrete understanding in the field of geography studies.
Learning design is expected to provide online learning experiences (e-learning). The concept of e-learning is intended as an effort to distribute learning materials through electronic media or the internet. With this, students can access it anytime from all corners of the world. Flexibility is the key word in this e-learning system. Students become very flexible in choosing the time and place of learning. They don't have to come somewhere at a certain time. On the other hand, teachers can update their learning material anytime and from anywhere. In terms of content, learning material can be made very flexible starting from text-based material to learning material that is loaded with multimedia components.

Product description
The product descriptions developed in the form of modules and videos integrated in e-learning are as follows. 1. Module: Modules contain material to learn basic concepts in geography. In total, this module contains 9 learning activities (fig 1), each of which contains material descriptions and analytical exercises to stimulate students' reasoning abilities. This module is equipped with interesting pictures (fig 1) to facilitate the learning capital of each student participant. In addition, this module is packaged into a single unit and provides opportunities for students to study the learning material as a whole.

Fig. 2. Animated display in Video
Both products are packaged in such a way through e-learning that will later be used in online-based regular learning. The module and video products should be integrated into the UM E-learning application, but because the application is still in the arrangement, it is transferred to other applications such as edmodo. The example display as follows in fig 3:

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 60 Total of Ideal Score 68
To calculate the percentage level, the following formula can be used.
It can be seen that the percentage of quantitative data from the first validation results is as follows: The results of the product feasibility analysis amounted to 88.24. This can be concluded that the media in this development are classified as very good and do not need to be revised. However, to get a better product quality, the developer still revised some of the input from the validator. 2. Materials: The next step is to validate the material. This validation aims to assess whether the material developed has been appropriate and in accordance with existing rules and concepts or not. The material validator is Ninja Panju Purwita, M. Pd. He is a lecturer who teaches at the Department of Social Studies at the Faculty of Tarbiyah UIN Maliki Malang. Based on the results of the validator assessment, the following results were obtained:  Triggering learning motivation --V -6 The actuality of materials presented ---V 7 Easy to understand --V -8 The flow of thought --V -9 The Clarity of material description ---V 10 The appropriateness of terms and statement usage --V - To calculate the percentage level, the same formula, for media validation, can be used and the result indicates as follow: The results show that the percentage of material validation has a value of 90. Based on the product feasibility analysis table, it is concluded that the product is very good and no revision.

Implementation
The product was tested on 8 students of class of 2017, a social studies education program. This trial is used to determine student responses to the learning media developed. The results show as follows:  2  3  36  4  3  3  3  4  2  2  3  3  4  2  2  31  5  3  3  4  3  3  4  3  3  4  3  4  37  6  4  4  4  4  3  3  3  3  4  3  4  39  7  3  3  4  3  3  3  4  3  3  3  4  36  8  3  2  3  3  2  3  3  3  3  3  3  31  Total  27  24  30  27  23  26  27  26  27  22  28  287  Total Score  108  102  77  287  Total of Ideal  Score  128  128  96  352 The percentage was calculated based on the same formula to examine the validation. The result shows as follow.  Table 7 shows that for the eligibility of the product based on aspects of media attractiveness (84), efficiency (80), and effectiveness (80), in general, has a good value category. This means that the product is eligible as a learning medium based on each criterion. To conclude that this product can be used as a learning medium, it is also necessary to calculate all values from each criterion as follows. The calculation results show that the product's feasibility value is 82. This means the results of the implementation with the indicators of attractiveness, efficiency and effectiveness, are declared to be very good and this media is eligible as a learning medium.

Discussion
The Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) learning model is part of the learning process with a student-centered learning model. CSCL is an interesting learning approach and is in accordance with modern learning concepts. The paradigm of modern education is to make educators not merely transferring knowledge, but rather as facilitators and motivators. This CSCL learning model is formed from a combination of cooperative learning models and the use of computers and the internet as a medium in learning. For adaptation to technological advances and digital life to be a necessity, CSCL learning models should be further utilized and developed. CSCL-based learning is able to shape students 'self-reliance and sense of responsibility, increase students' learning motivation, build critical thinking skills of students in problem solving, and be able to make students build their own knowledge [19]. The CSCL model also offers a non-traditional learning innovation in the design and delivery of non-monotonous material focused on memorization. Wahyuningtyas, et al. [20] indicated that the varied learning and arousing motivation and interest of students is needed in the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Learning with CSCL will provide new variations and new learning experiences for students, where students can interact with each other in a learning structure designed by teachers to create more collaborative exploration and discussion situations [21].
CSCL offers an innovation and advantage over the use of computer technology in the learning model. Panitz in Robert [22] revealed that the benefits of the CSCL model were seen from academic, social, and psychology. The academic benefits that can be obtained by collaborative learning are increasing student critical thinking, the activeness, and learning outcomes. Furthermore, the social benefits consist of fostering social attitudes of students, especially with other students in the learning process, building togetherness and understanding differences between students, forming a positive atmosphere of togetherness and mutual assistance between students. In addition, this model also psychologically can increase student self-esteem and develop their positive attitude before the teacher or lecturer.
The implementation of the CSCL model can minimize learning by memorizing. The material learned is also easily understood by students. The material is not the main material that must be presented by educators, but it should originate from students' own understanding. Educators will only be facilitators and motivators for students. With the increasingly effective CSCL-based learning, this course will be positively correlated with student learning outcomes. Wahyuningtyas and Rosita [23] indicate that the use of innovative and innovative learning media is one of the factors that can motivate students to learn and be able to encourage them to achieve maximum learning outcomes.

Conclusion
The use of interactive multimedia based on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) with the integration of modules and videos that are in it arouse the motivation and effectiveness of student learning processes. With the implementation of this media, students gain new learning experiences, where students can interact with each other in a learning structure designed by the instructor to create a more collaborative and interesting exploration and discussion situation.