Short Syndrome Among Nursing Performing Data Analysis using the Burnout Syndrome Among Nursing Staff: Performing Data Analysis using the SPSS Statistic

—This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of burnout among nurses, to determine the socio-demographic characteristics associated with burnout, and to assess the influence of the practice of physical activities on burnout. This is an observational study of a cross-sectional type. A self-administered survey was used to determine the professional and socio-demographic characteristics. The Ricci-Gagnon questionnaire to assess the level of physical activity and sports practice and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory to evaluate burnout. In total, 16.7% of the participating nurses displayed a high level of general burnout (63.3% medium, 20% low), and 23% displayed a high level of patient-related burnout (34% medium, 43% low). Physical activity had no protective effect against burnout, as 87% of participants were physically active. This research result confirmed what exists in other scientific publications; the prevalence of burnout is a reality in the health professions. It is necessary to think of setting up accompaniments to sensitize nurses for primary prevention against burnout.


Introduction
Occupational health is a process that aims to create a healthier workplace, it has an essential role in the development of nations and societies, it is crucial to improving workers' health in the face of different demographic, social, and economic challenges [1]. The French National Authority for Health (HAS) states that active healthcare professionals are increasingly susceptible to burnout [2]. Burnout is defined as a syn-iJOE -Vol. 17, No. 04, 2021 • In the first section, we present the research methodology adopted to evaluate burnout using "CBI", and the practice of physical activities and sports using "Ricci-Gagnon questionnaire". • In the second section, we reveal the results of the survey. The data processing was carried out with the SPSS tool. • In the third section, we tried to compare the results found with results from other studies. • In section four, we will describe the future project that will be based on the results of this study, which is the implementation of a mobile health information system for the prevention of burnout.

Participants
This is an observational study of a cross-sectional type [8], carried out among nurses at the Mohammed VI University Hospital (Hassan II Oncology Centre) in Oujda -Moroccowith a response rate of 100% among those included. Recruits, nurses on leave, and nurses performing administrative tasks were excluded from the study.

Data collection
The data collected with the help of a self-administered questionnaire made up of three sections: • The sociodemographic, professional, and personal characteristics (gender, age, marital status, specialty, years of experience, diet, food supplements, sport). • The Ricci-Gagnon questionnaire [9] was used to evaluate the level of physical activity and sports practice. It consists of three parts, the first is to determine the intensity of sedentary behavior (TV, computer, work, etc.); the second is to evaluate the duration of leisure-time physical and sports activity (sport); the third is to assess daily physical activity (walking, housework, gardening, etc.). The result of the questionnaire is a score classified as inactive if the total score is less than 18; active between 18 and 35; very active if the total score is greater than 35. • Burnout was measured using a score according to the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory -CBI [5], [10]- [12]. This is a validated instrument for measuring burnout and has been used in lots of scientific research studies, specifically in studies and research carried out among healthcare professionals. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory result is a score expressed as low: 1 to 2.4; medium: 2.5 to 3.5; or high: 3.6 to 5, which allows the two, levels of burnout to be assessed. The validated French version examines 12 items, which ascertain two dimensions: The general burnout score is the first dimension, it is the extent to which a sense of burnout is experienced, it is defined as the extent of intense fatigue and physical and psychological exhaustion experienced by the individual. Patientrelated burnout is the second dimension measures the extent to which the sense of burnout is linked to the work of caring for patients. This is the result of physical and psychological exhaustion perceived by the individual as being linked to working with others [13] [14].

Statistical analysis
The result of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and The Ricci-Gagnon questionnaire was verified and processed using IPM-SPSS 23 software. The Fisher Exact Test has been used to identify any associations between the sociodemographic, personal, and professional characteristics and burnout syndrome.

3
Finding of the Survey

Sociodemographic, professional, and personal characteristics
The present study involved 30 nurses at the Mohammed VI University Hospital (Hassan II Oncology Centre) -Oujda, Morocco. The population is made up of 13 men and 17 women. The mean age is 29 years with a standard deviation of 5,85. The youngest was aged 21 and the oldest nurse was aged 51. Nurses are mostly single with a proportion of 63,3%. More than 20% are radiology technicians, 63,3% are multipurpose nurses and the remainder have a variety of specialties. 90% of them had fewer than 10 years of professional experience. 13,3% work on-call and 26,7% work combine normal hours and on-call work, 50% have normal working hours. 83,3% of participants were not following a diet and 46,7% of them did sport regularly. More than 80% took no vitamins or food supplements and only 16,7% selfmedicated, in general for fatigue, pain, or headaches. None of the participating nurses suffered from diabetes or cardiovascular disease (see Tab. 1).

Burnout: result
The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory revealed that 23% of the participating nurses had a high patient-related burnout score (34% medium, 43% low), and more than 16% had a high general burnout score (63.3% medium, 20% low) (see Tab. 2).  Figure 1 shows that 17% of nurses display a high level of burnout in both its dimensions (patient-related burnout and general burnout) and 56% are highly susceptible to it. The analyses using the Fisher Exact Test have not revealed any significant link between the score for the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and the other variables (sport, food supplements, diet, work schedule, years of experience, professional profile, number of children, marital status, gender) at the threshold of (p=0.05) (see Tab. 3).

The practice of physical and sports activities
The Ricci-Gagnon survey revealed that 26 (87%) of participants were physically active and 2 (7%) were inactive (see Fig. 2), which means that our population is physically active.

Use of ICT
This survey revealed that 25 of the participants (83%) agreed that a platform should be set up to train, assess, and support nurses to cope with burnout. The same proportion regularly used smartphones, computers, and online training platforms to find information in daily life (see Tab. 4).  The training, assessing, and supporting platform will facilitate access to burnout awareness courses, it will allow individuals to assess their burnout level periodically and also to ask for the opinion of a psychologist if necessary. These processes will be carried out through an information and communication system (see Fig. 3).

Related Works
The findings show that 17% of nurses display a high level of burnout in both its dimensions and that more than 50% are highly susceptible to it (see Fig. 1). A predominance of the female sex can be observed, which can be explained by the fact that the nursing profession tends to be female-dominated. These figures are close to those found in the international literature [5] [15] since little data on this subject exist in Morocco. Recently, a Moroccan survey [16] carried out in the private sector showed that 17.35% of healthcare professionals suffered a high level of burnout, which shows that burnout exists in the private sector and not just in the public sector.
An analysis has been carried out of any association between the score for burnout and the sociodemographic, personal and professional variables: "gender"; "family situation"; "several children"; "professional profile"; "professional experience"; "work schedule"; "diet"; "sporting activities". Analyses using the Fisher Exact Test have not revealed any significant link between the score for burnout and the other variables at the threshold of (p=0.05).
Several types of research have shown preventive, protective, and therapeutic effects of the practice of physical and sports activities on several pathologies such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cancers, stress, and depression [17] [18]. Although 28 participants (87%) in our study were considered active, we did not find this preventive or protective effect of physical activity and sports to be stress-protective. This result confirms that of a study on burnout syndrome among paramedical health care workers in Cameroon [19].
In today's world, information and communication technologies play an important part in simplifying our personal and professional lives, in particular in the field of public health. Interactive eHealth and m-Health services online allow individuals to consult their medical records themselves [20] using the web or mobile interfaces on a computer or smartphone. E-Health is one of the most famous digital tools of information and communication technologies and it has served vastly to public health delivery through the provision of quality health service [21], it is also facilitating immediate communication and information sharing between different health actors through dynamic social interactions via information systems [22] or the telemedicine healthcare system [23]. Such systems are set up on the internet and serve primarily to support the patient and meet his biopsychosocial needs. Therefore, the use of information and communication technologies is recommended to prevent burnout.
In this study, we noted that the majority of the nurses agreed with the idea of setting up a platform for training, assessment, and support to prevent burnout. Various studies have shown that information and communication technologies allow organizations to reduce the involvement of management [24], maximize productivity, and renew the skills of employees so that they can develop professionally and perform better [25].

Conclusion and Future Work
This research result confirmed what exists in other scientific publications; the prevalence of burnout is a reality in the health professions. It is necessary to think of setting up accompaniments strategies to sensitize nurses for primary prevention against burnout, to improve the quality of their working life.
In future work, we propose the implementation of a mobile health information system to prevent burnout and psychosocial risks, and whose principal aim is to guarantee the well-being and personal and professional development of employees, this tool will be composed of three services: • Training is the first service that will be developed. Its main objective is to raise the awareness of burnout among healthcare professionals using constructivist pedagogical approaches and dynamic, interactive educational tools that can help to warn about and fully comprehend the seriousness of, this syndrome. • Assessment is the service that allows the individual to determine the state of his biopsychological health by filling in a questionnaire that contains questions on physiological health and also a psychometric tool. • Support is the third service, it allows for the permanent provision of social support by specialists in psychiatry, occupational psychology, and neuro-linguistics programming, which is directed at those with a moderate or high level of burnout.
The prevalence of burnout is a reality in the health professions. The implementation of a mobile health information system will allow us to strengthen the support to people who suffer in their professional life and to reduce the prevalence of burnout. It is thus highly desirable to establish interactive services for training or awarenessraising, self-assessment, and support within the health professional organism to sensitize nurses for primary prevention against burnout.