Edge Computing and Blockchain-Based Data Security in IoMT

Abstract

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), also known as healthcare IoT, consists of interconnected medical devices and applications that enable remote monitoring of patients with chronic conditions. In existing healthcare systems, data from IoMT devices is stored in the cloud for analysis. However, major challenges include ensuring data privacy and prioritising critical health information. Rapid processing and transmission of emergency health data to hospitals are crucial for timely care, while strict privacy measures are necessary to prevent risks like data breaches, fraud, and unauthorised access to medical services. To overcome these challenges, the proposed system implements Ethereum blockchain technology and an edge AI classification algorithm on data collected in real-time. Edge computing enables instant analysis, classification, and prioritisation of health data, minimising latency and facilitating quick decision-making. Simultaneously, blockchain technology ensures robust data privacy through a secure access control mechanism. Patient information is securely stored on the blockchain and accessed via an Aadhaar card number and unique tokens. These tokens enable role-based access control, allowing authorised individuals— like doctors, nurses, patients, and relatives—to view, update, or delete specific records as needed.