A Survey of the Online Learning Implementation During COVID-19 Outbreak

This paper aim is to conduct a literature review of online learning implementation due to the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak. Specifically, the discussion will focus on the conditions of people, the facilities and technology used, and the process to support the success of online learning. The methodology of research adapted from systematic literature review method, namely PRISMA. As the result, we found as many 21 related works that explained people, technology and process aspect to implement online learning systems successfully. The main issues of online learning during COVID-19 is the availability of hardware (computer, phone, and so forth), software (Google Apps, Moodle, and so on) and internet connection. The list of tools recommendation for supporting activities of online learning is also discussed in this research. Keywords—Case study, systematic review, online learning, COVID-19


Introduction
The spread of novel coronavirus disease or COVID-19 began at the end of 2019 in one of the states in China. This incident not only had an impact on sectors of life in China, but also people around the world. The rapid spread of the virus has resulted in decreased activity in the economic sector and increased use of facilities in the health sector [1]- [3].
When the COVID-19 outbreak began, several countries immediately implemented physical distancing regulations. As for areas with a high number of COVID-19 patients, the government has imposed a lockdown regulation so that the activities of all sectors of life are disrupted [1], [4]. After the declaration that the spread of COVID 19 was a 'pandemic', the government undertakes various prevention of the spread of disease, including lockdowns, restrictions on face-to-face learning, restrictions on long-distance travel and so on [5]- [7].
In the education sector, most governments have instructed schools to switch from face-to-face learning to fully online learning. All learning activities (discussions, training, exams, etc.) and learning support tools (books and other facilities) must be in digital form so that students can be accessed via the internet network [7]- [12]. Based on this situation, the research of online learning implementation is urgently needed.
In this research, we will discuss case studies from various countries regarding online learning systems due to the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak. Specifically, the discussion will focus on the conditions of people, the facilities and technology used, and the process to support the success of online learning.

Research Methodology
In this research, we adapted the PRISMA method to conduct a systematic review. Information about the research stage to find related studies to answer the research question can be seen in Figure 1.  [13] We used several keywords to identify relevant research paper, including "online learning covid19", "online education covid19", "e-learning covid19", "education covid19". We search the paper in research databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore and Wiley Online Library.

Fig. 2. Relevant research paper identification
All research related to the implementation of online learning during the COVID-19 outbreak fulfils the requirements for review with the criteria (i) publication date between 2019 and 2020, (ii) written in English, (iii) published in a reputable international journal, and (v) describes aspects of people or process or technology related to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
As guidance to conduct a systematic literature review, we defined three research questions in this study. The research question of this research is elaborated below: • RQ1: What are the issues of people, process and technology due to online learning implementation during COVID-19 pandemic? • RQ2: What are recommendation tools for online learning during COVID-19 outbreak?

Result
In this section, we delivered research result into three sub-sections, including data collection, online learning implementation and recommendation of tools for online learning.

Data collection
We found 21 works of literatures related to this research aims that is distributed by topic, type, country and object as can be seen in Table 1. Based on data distribution by country or location, one study was from China [14], one study was from Georgia [15], one study was from India [7], one study was from Indonesia [16], two studies were from Italy [1], [17], one study was from Jordan [18], two studies were from Philippines [6], [19], one study was from Spain [5], three studies were from Zambia [20]- [22] and other eight studies don't mention the location of research [23]- [30].

Online learning implementation
There are many viewpoints of online learning implementation regarding issues of people, process and technology. This research succeeded in identifying studies related to online learning carried out during the COVID-19 outbreak. The statistic of a related study that is mapped to people, process and technology can be seen in Figure 3 below.

Fig. 3. Number of Literature Based Topic
To answer the research question (RQ1), "what is the issues of people, process and technology due to online learning implementation during COVID-19 pandemic?", we presented of viewpoints of online learning implementation in two countries, Georgia and India. We selected the country because the research paper elaborated the complete activities of online learning with the case study. Moreover, the distribution of research paper based on the country can be seen in Figure 4 below.

People
Process Technology In Georgia, after the government implemented the rules regarding prohibiting students from going to school and changing the education system to online education, the main factor that needs attention is the facilities that support the success of online learning, especially the internet and computers or smartphones [15]. Statistically, the average internet user in Georgia is quite high. Overall, the number of houses connected to the internet was 79.3%, with a distribution of 86.1% in cities and 69.9% in villages. While computer usage statistics, 62.0% of the total homes in Georgia have computers, with a distribution of 74.6% in cities and 44.7% in rural areas [31].
Based on the result of case study in one of school in Georgia by Basilaia et al. (2020), online learning is conducted by using Google Suite Education and EduPage System. The hardware used for access material course is a computer, laptop, mobile or tablet phone [15]. To provide an overview of people, process and technology for online learning implementation during COVID-19 outbreak in Georgia, we depicted it in Figure 5 below. In India, the first positive COVID-19 patients were identified in the Kerala region in January 2020. Since June 2020, there has been a significant increase in COVID-19 cases, and there have even been as many as 43,379 COVID-19 patients who died in India. The Indian government has implemented a lockdown since March 2020. This is done to reduce the spread of COVID-19 to other regions in India. All activities in various sectors are limited so that the level of human mobility will decrease. This restriction also applies to the education sector. The government enforces rules to change the learning system into online learning [7], [32].
The implementation of lockdown regulations causes disruption of learning activities at schools and universities. This causes schools and universities to replace the learning system with online learning. Based on the result of case study in one of the universities in India by Kapasia et al. (2020), students use mobile phones to carry out online learning activities. However, students who live in remote areas and do not have adequate internet or computer facilities experience feelings of depression due to difficulties in accessing learning materials and discussing virtual classes. Percentage of learning activities: online studying (31.5%), reading textbook with own effort (30.6%) and both studying textbook and online (37.9%). Moreover, the percentage of students who attended online classes: above 3 days a week (31.9%), below 3 days a week (54.0%) and daily (14.1%). Technology tools that have been used to support online learning including Team Link, YouTube, Zoom App, Skype, WhatsApp, Institution/teachers website, Microsoft Kaizala, Google Meet, Google Classroom and Google Form. To present the overview of people, process and technology for online learning implementation during COVID-19 outbreak in India, it can be seen in Figure 6 below. To answer the research question (RQ2), "what is recommendation tools for online learning during COVID-19 outbreak?". We attempted to identify the most mentioned application in the research paper for supporting activities of online learning. The list of tools or application is mentioned and depicted in Figure 7 below.

Conclusion
This research is conducted by reviewing the related works of online learning implementation during COVID-19 outbreak. The main focus of study is on the conditions of people, the facilities and technology used, and process to support the success of online learning. The methodology of research is consisted of four phases that is adapted from PRISMA method. As the result, we found as many 21 related works that explained people, technology and process aspect to implement online learning systems successfully. The main issues of online learning during COVID-19 is availability of hardware (computer, phone, and so forth), software (Google apps, Moodle, and so on) and internet connection. We also present list of tools recommendation for supporting activities of online learning.