AI and Mobile Technologies for Driver Fatigue Detection: Sex Differences Revealed by Eye-Tracking Metrics

Abstract

The present study examines sex differences in fatigue and visual attention during simulated driving. Using a driving simulator, we evaluated the effects of task duration and sex differences on fatigue-related eye-tracking metrics, including blink duration, fixation rate, and blink rate. Results indicate that fixation rate was significantly influenced by task duration but remained consistent across sexes, whereas blink duration exhibited marginal sex differences and a significant interaction with task duration, with females demonstrating longer blink durations compared to males. These findings suggest that males and females adopt distinct patterns in managing fatigue over prolonged tasks, with implications for visual attention and fatigue. This study advances the understanding of sex-specific fatigue responses in dynamic tasks and underscores the potential of eye-tracking technologies for improving road safety.