LXA v1.0: A Framework to Embrace Agentic AI in Mobile Learning for Industry 5.0 Readiness

Abstract

Mobile learning is shifting from static content delivery to intelligent, human-centered ecosystems aligned with Industry 5.0. Yet many platforms remain fragmented, offering only limited personalization, weak ethical safeguards, and low adaptability. This study introduces the Learning eXperience with Agency (LXA v1.0) framework, developed to guide mobile learning toward 2030 through agentic AI. LXA v1.0 was created using a mixed-method approach. The process combined a scoping review of research published between 2015 and 2025, conceptual modeling, and a two-round Delphi study with 14 international experts. The review examined how learning management systems (LMS) have developed into AI-enabled platforms while also pointing out persistent gaps in autonomy, transparency, and resilience. Feedback from experts stressed the need to design systems that are inclusive and firmly rooted in ethical values. The framework is built around four connected pillars. The agency focuses on learner control supported by AI. Ambient learning relates to context-aware experiences. Inclusion & ethics point to fair and transparent design. Resilience refers to the ability to adapt during periods of disruption. The Delphi validation produced strong agreement on clarity, feasibility, measurability, and relevance. Taken together, LXA v1.0 provides a tested roadmap for building mobile-first learning ecosystems that are advanced in technology, grounded in ethics, and prepared for the future.